... damping contribution to the overall baseline damping is significant, especially in case of strong non-linear soil response. This study employs an analytical and a numerical method to evaluate soil damping under realistic project conditions. Results indicate that the analytical method offers a sound basis...

... mainly looked at in situ sand, not rock, conditions. internal friction angle interaction geometry resistance lateral resistance small-diameter pipeline analytical method offshore pipeline midstream oil & gas pipeline failure mechanism friction angle rock-dumped pipeline yimsiri...