... of the rules has traditionally been made by a regulator checking compliance with prescribed legislative requirements. But if the rules no longer describe in detail precisely what is expected, then the regulators need to modify the traditional approach. The current HSE policy embodies the concept of partnership...

... of the proposed formats is straightforward and simple elastic analyses are required to calculate the effects of applied loads in the specified conditions. Load effects are subsequently compared with allowable stresses and undesirable effects are controlled through a safety margin with respect...

... governmental requirements. The earliest pipeline burials were carried out in the mobile sand and shell soils of the shallow Southern North Sea. Any visitor to the Southern Sector In the late sixties and early seventies will recall the familiar pipelay barge followed several miles later by the unmistakable...

... piggability. This will be the first known fully piggable Y-connection for a subsea gas pipeline and as such offers significant advantages over other tie-in methods, such as tee connections and riser platforms, both of which require some degree of intervention General aspects relating to the overall...