... polymers experienced more severe effects. It was observed that the CMC category fluids experienced a high reduction to viscosity with the salt content than other fluids. A chemical explanation is given to understand salt effects on different polymer structures. Many offshore wells use seawater...

... and perforating guns that remain downhole during fracturing. Other key features of this method are the use of less horse power, significant reduction in the number of frac plugs, fewer wireline runs, and added flexibility in water management. This paper describes the technical advantages and business...

... on water use and disposal. Through appropriate diagnositics and application of conformance products, produced water can be managed. It also provides the starting point for comprehensive holistic approaches to water lifecycle management that focus on water reduction and beneficial reuse of water...