The modification of the Cullender and Smith equation presented here consists primarily of adding a gas-water ratio term, and a friction factor term as given by the explicit Jain-Swamee correlation. The results of this study show a reduction in the average error in predicting bottom-hole pressure of 3.4 percent for the flowing cases and 1.9 percent for the static case when the modified Cullender and Smith equation was used instead of the original Cullender and Smith equation.

This study resulted in two major conclusions. First, modification of the Cullender and Smith equation produces a more accurate method of calculating static and flowing bottom-hole pressures. Second, using an apparent roughness of 0.0023 inches instead of an absolute roughness of 0.0006 inches will further reduce the RMS error for the flowing case.

Keywords:
correlation, upstream oil & gas, pressure calculation, production monitoring, accurate bottomhole pressure calculation, machine learning, pressure equation, society of petroleum engineers, apparent roughness, absolute roughness
Subjects:
Drilling Operations, Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring, Formation Evaluation & Management, Drillstem/well testing
Copyright 1988, Society of Petroleum Engineers
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