A high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) bubble chamber apparatus is used to determine carbon dioxide (CO2) foam stability, interfacial tension (IFT) between HPHT CO2 and surfactant solutions and critical micelle concentration (CMC). Chaser CD1045™ (CD) was used in this study. In this study, changes of temperature from 25 to 75°C, pressure from 800 to 2000 psig, and surfactant concentration from 0.005 wt% to 1 wt% were tested for foam stability, IFT and CMC. The relationship of foam stability and IFT is also discussed in this paper.

IFT decreased with surfactant concentration below the CMC and was essentially constant above the CMC, increasing with the increase of temperature and the decrease of pressure. Stability of CO2-foam is surfactant concentration-dependent. The coalescence of bubbles was observed only at CD concentration of 0.005 wt%, well below the CMC at 25°C and 1500 psig. The foam was stable under all tested temperatures at surfactant concentrations of 0.1 wt% and above, and decreased with increase of temperature at surfactant concentrations of 0.05 wt% and below at 1500 psig. The foam was stable under all tested pressure at surfactant concentrations of 0.025 wt% and above, and decreased with increase of pressure at CD concentrations of 0.005 wt% at 25°C, and similar behaviors were observed at high CD concentrations at 75°C.

Keywords:
cd concentration, co 2, psig, ift, foam stability, gravity drainage, chemical flooding methods, concentration, experiment, exhibition
Subjects:
Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Chemical flooding methods
Copyright 2005, Society of Petroleum Engineers
You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.