... generation for the field. Sulfate and BTEX are not the limiting factor in H 2 S generation in this field but the maximum concentration of sulfide that bacteria can tolerate determines how high H 2 S can rise. This work shows for the first time how the change in produced sulfate concentration can be used...

... Abstract Metal sulfide scales are found in several fields in onshore and offshore oil and gas wells around the world. Although there has been some success in the development of sulfide scale inhibitors, significantly high concentration of inhibitor is often required specially to mitigate zinc...

... with low costs. Each sample analysis takes about 5 minutes. The capital cost of head space method equipment is less than 1,000 dollars. A limitation of the head space method identified that it is not applicable for high sulfide brines or brines with < 100 mg/L bicarbonate. Desipite the limitation...

... Abstract Sulfide and carbonate mixed scales are ubiquitous in oilfield production and injection system with low corrosion resistant carbon steel equipment and pipeline. Previously, such conditions were generally treated as a corrosion problem rather than a scale problem, and the interactions...

... Abstract Metal sulfide scaling issue in the oil and gas production continue to present significant flow assurance challenge. Recently, a novel polymeric chemistry that can effectively control FeS scale deposition in oil and gas production system was reported. However, how to manage finely...

... Abstract Iron sulfide scaling can pose a significant threat to flow assurance, especially in sour production systems that yields hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). When compared to conventional carbonate and sulfate scales, iron sulfide is difficult to inhibit and various risks (liberation of H 2 S...

... Abstract Metal sulfides such as iron sulfide (FeS), zinc sulfide (ZnS) and lead sulfide (PbS) scaling have been a persistent flow assurance problem in oil and gas production. FeS is ubiquitous in nature; however, ZnS and PbS are exotic scales but still pose significant scaling issues especially...

... of analytical tools on aqueous or solid field samples: (i) spectrophotometric and HPLC assays are used to monitor key analytes (sulfate, sulfide, nitrate, nitrite and others), (ii) microbial assays are used to determine numbers and activities of key microbes and (iii) sequencing of PCR amplicons, typically...

... Abstract Sour gas is being produced from a number of carbon-steel-completed wells in the US (Mississippi, Alabama), Canada, France and Saudi Arabia. The gas stream contains various levels of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and is produced from high temperature reservoirs (with temperatures...

... Abstract Iron sulfide scale is prevalent in the industry and its chemical prevention is an area of recent focus by several research groups. There are very few examples where true inhibitor chemistry has been effective at controlling the scale, rather stoichiometric amounts of chelating agents...

... ( De Paula et al ., 2013 ; Kahrilias et al ., 2015 ). flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion water management produced water discharge well integrity high peroxide materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas peroxide biocide peroxide formulation concentration iron sulfide...

...Kinetics of sulfide oxidation with nitrate amendment The co-enrichments were transferred into synthetic media using a 20% inoculum. The slurry was injected into the bioreactors and shut-in for 48 hours to establish biofilm. Following incubation, the bioreactors were operated in continuous mode...

... Abstract Nitrate can control souring in fields with high bottom hole temperature (BHT) and where sulfide is produced in the near-injection-wellbore-region (NIWR). The objective of the treatment is to lower the sulfide concentration in produced water and oil, reducing corrosion risk in producing...

... for nitrate reduction. Activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was considerably lower with guar gum, reflecting a low initial population size of SRB using the organic acids produced by APB for reduction of sulfate to sulfide. The low concentrations of sulfate in the samples (0–0.4 mM; 0–40 ppm) may...

... Table 1 Some allotropic form of iron sulfide. Atomic Designation Common Name Crystal Habit Acid Solubility Rate FeS Trolite Hexagonal Fast FeS 2 Pyrite Cubic Slow FeS 2 Marcasite Orthorhombic Slow Fe 7 S 8 Pyrrhotite Monoclinic Moderate Fe 9 S 8...

... Abstract The inhibition of iron sulfide mineral scale formation in oil and gas production is notoriously difficult. High concentrations of scale inhibitors are always needed to provide limited inhibition performance. In addition, it is extremely difficult to test the iron sulfide formation...

...Sulfide Biogeneration The subject offshore oilfield has been operational since late 2002 with production initially from seven wells. Seawater injection (SWI) was initiated in late 2002 into two wells. Since it was felt that this sandstone reservoir would be susceptible to reservoir souring...

...METHODS Abstract Increasing concentrations of sodium nitrite were added to synthetic North Sea produced water in the presence of either 1 bar CO 2 or N 2 to determine its effect on corrosion. These tests were run at 80°C in the presence of sulfide and at a sheer stress up to 25 Pa...

... Abstract Nitrate addition to injection water has been used to control the development of reservoir souring through microbial production of hydrogen sulfide particularly in seawater floods offshore. Current interest is in the application of this technology to produced water recycle injection...

... and materials Upstream Oil & Gas Corrosion coupon potassium silicate metal surface Sulfide potassium silicate drilling reaction concentration metal corrosion corrosion materials and corrosion well integrity drill pipe corrosion rate mitigate metal corrosion society of petroleum engineers...