... the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on the behaviour of pectin and SDS in the context of oil recovery. To address water production concerns, this study employs polymer to augment water viscosity. The interaction between pectin and SDS will be scrutinized by observing three distinct sand packs, each...

... design was used to simulate the effect of salinity, shear rate, concentration, and temperature on the viscosity of LPNF. Statistical analysis of variance was used to analyse various parameters of the model. Finally, any parameter combination that resulted in the maximum viscosity was recorded...

... material or formation being studied and the salinity of the water injected are two crucial variables that can have a substantial effect on oil recovery. Little is known, nevertheless, about how salt affects petroleum or oil recovery during water flooding utilizing clay-containing core samples. This study...

.... Unlike production logging and conventional fingerprinting that require frequent well re-entry and large spectrum of fluid components respectively, our method is cheap and minimizes well re-entry and its associated risks. Specifically, we exploit C 1 , C 7+ , and salinity (Cl − ) as markers to uniquely...

... surfaces. The experiment was carried out at varied brine salinities and enzyme concentrations on different sand grain sizes. The concentration depletion method that accounts for the difference in enzyme concentrations in solution before and after its contact with the sand was used to determine the enzyme...

... salinity surfactant molecule synthesis surfactant surfactant concentration application ogunkunle fatty acid Introduction The demand for oil and gas in today's world is rapidly increasing; this is partly due to the economic and population growth in developing nations with emerging economies...

... Abstract The total dissolved solid (TDS) of formation water has an impact on its tendency to form or dissociate Gas Hydrate in gas production, handling and subsea transportation systems. The effect of salinity of formation water on hydrate formation and dissociation was studied in this paper...

... Abstract Produced water reinjection (PWRI) is one of the methods employed by oilfield operators to optimize production while conforming to increasingly stringent produced water disposal policies. Different produced water species from different facilities also have different salinities...

... was contained in the original dataset. The 7 input factors for the dataset include Kv/Kh ratio, polymer concentration in polymer drive, surfactant slug size, surfactant concentration in surfactant slug, polymer concentration in surfactant slug, polymer drive size and salinity of polymer drive. The decision...

... ABSTRACT Obtaining a core behind the flood front appears to be the most appropriate way to directly measure residual oil saturation. Conventional analysis based on resistivity logs requires the water salinity to be known. As the pore space behind the flood front contains a mix of formation...

... and salinity level was also made [14] , where an enhancement in production was attained by flooding with only two percent calcium chloride in comparison to four percent sodium chloride plus a half percent of calcium chloride. It was concluded afterwards that the effect of brine might be subject to the type...

... recoveries to 40-60% of the original oil in place ( BP. 2015 ). Figure 1 depicts a typical waterflooding scheme with surface and sub-surface processes. Abstract Following on from the work by Tang and Morrow in 1998, enormous progress has been made in the development of low salinity water flooding...

...-surfactant concentrations but tends to be stable over time. A ninety percent recovery of oil initially in place was realised when low salinity combined with surfactant was used in an EOR experiment on out-crop sandstones ( Alagic & Skauge, 2010 ). Their increment in recovery was attributed...

... of salinity" measurement it detects to indirectly measure formation oil saturation, really like electrical logs. Thermal neutron capture which is the primary measurement, is very much affected by salinity of the formation water. High salinity is required and must be known so as to detect oil as "low saline...

... that water salinity can also affect crude oil viscosity. It is therefore imperative that the effect of water salinity on crude oil viscosity be studied since water injection schemes using produced water or sea water is a common practice because it is economical and efficient in oil displacement from porous...

... (SDS) and 4-octylphenol polyethoxylated (TX-100) on different clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and quartz) as a function of the surfactant concentration, pH and salinity has been investigated. Besides, the use of lignin alkali as a sacrificial agent to reduce adsorption of surfactants...

... Firstly, a series of phase behavior test was conducted for the Alkaline-Brine system to determine how compatible the system is under varying ionic strength (concentration), salinity and divalent ions using glass test tubes. Thereafter, similar compatibility tests were conducted on the Surfactant...

... the study of the rheological behavior of the polymers as well as their tolerance with respect to medium and high salinity conditions. METHODOLOGY A proper understanding of polymer characteristics can affect the choice of the polymer to be used for specific application due to the inherent challenges...

... trapped oil after water flooding, the results reflected significant incremental recoveries from both the use of LBG and Gum Arabic which also correlated with rheological characterisation carried out under different saline conditions. This analysis was extended by carrying a comparative study...

... of the sample. Sodium chloride and Calcium chloride salt concentration was used to determine the effect of salinity. Preparation Terminalia mantaly exudates The extraction of the gum was achieved by using the process according to the reported method ( Michael et al., 2017 ). TM exudates were gotten from...