Abstract
Commercial volumes of hydrocarbon production from tight unconventional reservoirs need massive hydraulic fracturing operations. Tight unconventional formations are typically located inside deep and over-pressured formations where the rock fracture pressure with slickwater becomes so high because of huge in situ stresses. Therefore, several lost potentials and failures were recorded because of high pumping pressure requirements and reservoir tightness. In this study, thermochemical fluids are introduced as a replacement for slickwater. These thermochemical fluids are capable of reducing the rock fracture pressure by generating micro-cracks and tiny fractures along with the main hydraulic fractures. Thermochemical upon reaction can generate heat and pressure simultaneously. In this study, several hydraulic fracturing experiments in the laboratory on different synthetic cement samples blocks were carried out. Cement blocks were made up of several combinations of cement and sand ratios to simulate real rock scenarios. Results showed that fracturing with thermochemical fluids can reduce the breakdown pressure of the cement blocks by 30%, while applied pressure was reduced up to 88%, when using thermochemical fluid, compared to slickwater.
In basins with excessive tectonic stresses, the current invention can become an enabler to fracture and stimulate well stages which otherwise left untreated. A new methodology is developed to lower the breakdown pressure of such reservoirs, and enable fracturing.
Keywords: Unconventional formation; breakdown pressure; thermochemicals; micro fractures.
