The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of elevated temperatures on the size and shape of gravel pack materials, specifically as related to the generation of fines within the gravel pack itself. These objectives were achieved by examining 20/40 and 40/60 mesh samples of subject materials for the influence of various temperatures (room temperature up to 500°F). SEM photographs of 40/60 mesh gravel indicated an increased amount of pits caused by temperature. Also, the formation of striations and/or flaking were present on the 40/60 mesh gravel.

Keywords:
sem photograph, upstream oil & gas, ceramic pellet, proppant, gravel sand, abrasion, oxide, temperature effect, spe 25805, gravel
Subjects:
Hydraulic Fracturing, Fracturing materials (fluids, proppant)
Copyright 1993, Society of Petroleum Engineers
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