Abstract
The development of structure – property relationships are described for new commercial grade internal olefin sulfonates (marketed as the ENORDET™ O series) and laboratory scale alcohol-alkoxy-sulfate surfactants for use in chemical flooding. Surfactant structure was characterised by an in-house developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique and properties focused on oil/water microemulsion phase behaviour. Such relationships are important to match the surfactant formulation to particular reservoir conditions (temperature, salinity and crude oil). The relationship between IOS structure (by LC-MS) and optimal salinity (by phase tests) has been modeled by the empirical HLB number and by a semi-empirical molecular model. An IOS 24-28 based surfactant system gave excellent microemulsion performance with several, regionally different crude oils and an initial correlation of performance with the composition crude oils has been made. The IOS surfactants described have been produced on a pilot scale and with consistent quality. This commercially available family, and the commercially available alcohol-alkoxy-sulfate family, cover most of the salinity and temperature reservoir conditions expected, though for high temperature and high salinity reservoirs, alcohol based sulfonates will most likely be required. Finally, the chemistry of production of the IOS surfactants and their handling properties are summarised. Part 2 of this paper (SPE-129769-PP) describes work to formulate an IOS mixture that was subsequently used in a successful ASP field test.
