With exploration moving into deeper waters, deserts and plateaus, the geological condition and natural environment faced with by the drilling operation get more complex and worse, so that the difficulty of exploration and development is increasing and the more requirements are put forward to drilling tools. Owing to the extensive application of slim-hole drilling in the world, it is the one of the most important researches for rock bit suppliers and rock bit researchers to develop the efficient small diameter bit.

According to analysis, the rock-breaking efficiency has important relationship with tooth structure and arrangement of teeth. However, owing to the lack of fundamental change on the tooth surface structure of bits in the past tens of years, the drilling speed has nearly not been raised in some special formations. So the new structure of tooth surface must be sought according to the new knowledge for rock-breaking mechanism so as to raise the drilling speed and drilling footage under special environment and some special formations. The disc bit is just the bit with brand-new tooth structure.

After some researches on disc bit and one-cone bit have been done, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU) has developed a new small size bit with high rotary speed, named disc one-cone bit, which combines the advantages of both one-cone bit and disc bit. This new bit will have expansive application prospect in deep drilling, ultradeep drilling and slim-hole drilling because of its less torsion, higher bottom-hole coverage coefficient and longer bearing life.

In this paper, the experimental study on rock-breaking mechanism of disc one-cone bit is introduced emphatically.

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