... Alpha and beta radiation carry the greatest risk of harm to personnel, but are also the easiest to shield which makes them difficult to detect through any physical barrier. As particle radiation damage is localised to the immediate area surrounding the radioactive material, it presents...

... Abstract Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), has been in existence since the Big Bang. With industrial practices involving natural resources, this material can also be classified in its technically enhanced form (TENORM). Much has been documented and published on this subject...

... deposit radiation protection concentration radioactivity rutherford radioactive material Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Even today opinions differ on what exactly is meant by the term NORM. Reports of the occurrence of significant concentrations of radionuclides of natural origin...

... Oil & Gas ra field higher value sludge oil field radioactive material investigation oil lake society of petroleum engineers soil sample Bq kg source rock spe 111562 formation water concentration activity concentration Kuwait radioactive contamination reservoir Introduction...

... Abstract It has been established that Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) may accumulate at various locations along the oil/gas production process. Components such as wellheads, separation vessels, pumps, and other processing equipment can become NORM contaminated, and NORM can...

... System secure source instability abandonment drilling operation borehole BHA Retention Mechanism log analysis Design Consideration society of petroleum engineers drilling data acquisition drillstring design drilling condition drilling measurement radioactive material assessment assembly...

... and enhanced control of radioactive materials. The threat of nuclear and radiological terrorism is a genuine international security concern. Terrorists are actively seeking the necessary materials, expertise and technology needed to develop weapons of mass destruction including a Radioactive Dispersal Device...

... directly to employees, resulting in a more than 30% increase in employee risk reporting. employee report society of petroleum engineers risk assessment risk management database accident risk and uncertainty assessment category spe 86743 radiation radioactive material employee risk...

... and equipment can lead to dramatic losses in production, due to the loss of cross sectional area. The severe production problems in the past have been largely eliminated by effective scale inhibition programmes. Abstract The management and disposal of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM) scale...

... Radiation Safety Officer for each product service line that uses radioactive materials. These individuals must complete a rigorous training session that addresses all aspects of a local radiation protection program. This local radiation safety program must address not only corporate commitments...

... of the seawater is not altered significantly by the treatment processes. riser corrosion bacteria injection well sulfide uranium concentration materials and corrosion uranium content technologically radioactive material composition flowline corrosion reclamation pond saudi arabia government...

... well logging fishing head linc tool norway coiled tubing drilling operation per-thorbjørn rygh denis bonifay spe 61508 transfer shield lwd source upstream oil & gas horizontal well procedure log analysis fishing operation spe 61508 fishing assembly radioactive material fishing job...

... Abstract Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have been known to exist in the petroleum industry for many years through the well logging operations. NORM was first recognized as a potential health problem as long ago as 1904 in the oil fields of Canada. It became an issue...

... Abstract The primary focus of most current literature concerning Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is the struggle of regulators trying to gain better control over this material. During the battle to decide who should regulate NORM, related Occupational Health and Safety (OHS...

... It is the radiation that radioactive substances emit that has the potential to be harmful. The degree of harm to people depends on how they are exposed to radioactive materials, whether for example they touch them or eat them as food; on the rate of radioactive decay in the material...

... equipment of gathering, transport and oil treatment systems in 1990 - 1991. P. 155^ diyashev concentration oil field radium isotope disposal upstream oil & gas specific activity skeleton isotope technological equipment radioactive material composition formation water takhautdinov...

... lwd tool neutron dual-source assembly environmental safety procedure cdn tool upstream oil & gas operation operator recovery log analysis drilling radioactive material gamma ray spe 27226 reference source assembly regulation well logging bha radioactive source...

... critical factor flowmeter mass flowmeter ib gal drilling fluid management & disposal flow metering production control cement production monitoring radioactive material antifoam agent design density drilling fluids and materials Abstract In the cement mixing process, the key parameter...

... Abstract This paper describe. the deposition of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in oil and gas production facilities. Hazard. arising from process. maintenance and cleaning operations are process. maintenance and cleaning operations are considered and relevant legislation...

... INTRODUCTION This paper will attempt to explain some of the mystery associated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) by describing what NORM is; how it is associated with oil and gas; what problems NORM may present; how it can be measured; and what current and pending...