..., salinity levels, field equipment, logistics, and economic considerations with a focus on the main U.S based shale plays, Permian and Marcellus. High-viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) are preferable over guar-based systems for applications requiring higher proppant loading due to their enhanced viscosity...

... column that contains a certain threshold of proppant is calculated. fracturing fluid fracturing materials proppant concentration shear rate geomechanics proppant transport linear guar chemistry geology hydraulic fracturing hvfr loading geologist propped area ratio result viscosity...

... reducer viscosity breaker water source Introduction The Vaca Muerta (VM) formation is the primary unconventional resource target in Argentina. Its early development began in 2010 in the province of Neuquen. Since then, it has been highly important to be aware of the availability of water...

... machine learning viscosity technology conference reduction gpt polymer loading artificial intelligence deep learning large language model chatbot Introduction Rheology Testing. Viscosity was measured at various shear rates between 1.0s -1 to 170s -1 . Also, viscosity readings were...

... in stimulation operations in various brines, ranging from freshwater to saturated solutions of produced water. For the purposes of this study, deionized water was selected to eliminate salinity as a variable in either breaker performance or polymer viscosity. Likewise, four separate commercially available...

... conference viscosity fracture propagation Introduction Unconventional plays have played a major role in the oil and gas production in the US during the last decades. By employing horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing stimulation, these low ultra-low permeability formations have been...

.... A new family of fracturing fluids and proppants emerged. These low viscosity fluids and finer mesh sands are the focus of this paper. Brine Water Base Fluid Viscosities Again, using 600 RPM (1,021.8 sec −1 ) pre and post viscosities to represent a higher shear rate, we saw the same trend...

... to flow. The settling progresses towards the upstream clusters as the toe side clusters are plugged and the critical velocity in that region drops below a threshold value. The injection rate, fluid viscosity, proppant diameter, proppant density and fluid density also have a significant impact on the total...

... perforations and developed a quantitative understanding of the C d for sharp-edge drilled and semi-round jet perforations. The study also investigated the C d sensitivity to several design parameters such as the perforation diameter, tunnel length, and fluid viscosity. In addition to the steady state...

... Abstract Unlike high-viscosity fluids, proppant transport with slickwater inside fractures is complex, but most fracture models do not adequately describe it. These models solve proppant transport based on simplified continuity equations. They assume that the average proppant velocity...

... & gas completion installation and operations perforation erosion viscosity discharge coefficient assumption Introduction Abstract Hydraulic fracturing in limited entry (LE) completion designs relies on maintaining a high bottom hole treating pressure (BHTP). LE requires high perforation...

... connectivity between the two wells. In addition, the mechanics of isolating stages and developing fracturing fluid viscosity in a naturally fractured granitic reservoir at 435°F [224°C] were evaluated. Three stages were pumped. Geophones in three offset wells and shallow distributed acoustic sensors (DAS...

... drillstem/well testing friction loss information stepdown test step-down test gauge bhg fitting parameter whg pressure friction pressure field data viscosity gpt perforation dosage directional drilling upstream oil & gas frac rate prediction friction model fr dosage fr performance...

.... It will only exist for a limited amount of time as a clear, low viscosity solution before it starts to form a silica gel. The stability of the silica sol is controlled primarily by the concentration of SiO2 in solution. For example, a 10% SiO2 sol would have ~5 hours stability at room temperature, while...

... operation viscosity operation argentina fluid system application viscosifying friction reducer The Vaca Muerta The targeted formation for the work described in this paper is the Vaca Muerta located in the Neuquén Basin in northern Patagonia, Argentina ( Figure 1 ). The Vaca Muerta is one...

... will document this trend in detail in the paper. A significant industry trend over the last decade has been a "viscosity for velocity" trade. The change to smaller mesh regional proppants, in combination with an increase in pump rates on frac jobs in the US, has allowed fluid systems to become more "watery...

... in complex hydraulic fracture networks. Specifically for this study, focus is placed on two different fluids, water-glycerin solution and water-sodium chloride solution, representing varying fluid densities and viscosities. The effects of changing fluid viscosities, densities, proppant densities, proppant...

.... fracturing materials upstream oil & gas 15-cluster design proppant concentration proppant placement fracturing fluid cfd simulation fluid 2 proppant distribution proppant cfd model viscosity proppant transport hydraulic fracturing slurry placement stress shadow effect simulation...

... to improved designs of hydraulic fracturing completions. fracturing fluid completion proppant concentration proppant distribution fracturing materials upstream oil & gas particle fluid distribution hydraulic fracturing bridge plug sensitivity different fluid viscosity proppant viscosity...

... difficult to achieve non-uniform acid etching in multistage acid fracturing treatments than in vertical wells. We investigated the effects of perforation design and pad fluid viscosity on multistage acid fracturing treatments. We need to have an adequate number of perforations in order to develop non...