..., fracturing fluid is pumped at a highly turbulent rate which enhances the proppant transport capability. Pumping the fluid at higher rates, therefore higher velocities, translates to the proppant particles themselves traveling faster. Almulhim et al. (2020 ) suggests that the proppant particles experience...

... of these commercially available models consider proppant momentum and interactions of particles with other particles, fluids, and fracture walls. In addition, turbulent flow near wellbore is completely ignored in these models. Slot tests used for proppant transport in laboratory studies are too small and too simplified...

... on the lattice Boltzmann method (for fluid mechanics) and discrete element method (for particle mechanics). The approach has been previously validated against analytical solutions and experimental data for suspension flows in channels, and applied to study fundamental aspects of size segregation and clogging...

... Abstract Hydraulic fracturing creates rough fracture surfaces, instead of smooth ones, in subsurface formations. It is challenging to simulate the complex proppant transport phenomena in rough fractures due to the roughness effect as well as the complex nature of the coupled particle-fluid two...

... velocity. A survey of 36 calculations was carried out to generate tables of sand concentration in a cross section through the casing as a function of flow rate and particle size. A single-phase CFD analysis showed how sand exiting each perforation is taken from a limited ingestion area which...

... wellbore scenario upstream oil & gas particle fluid distribution base case magnitude Introduction With the ever-changing conditions of the global energy demand, unpredictable energy policy changes, and volatile oil prices, oil and gas operating companies have upcoming challenges...

... located right before the first two perforation clusters. Sieve analysis is conducted to understand the ability of fresh water to carry bigger particles of the mixture at different injection rates, proppant concentrations, and perforation configurations. The results show different fluid and proppant...

... height particle injection rate tertiary fracture Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is an important well stimulation technique in which subsurface rock is fractured using a pressurized fluid. This technique is widely used in unconventional reservoirs which are known to have extremely low...

... the flow of dispersed particles within a fluid through the use of a discrete phase model (DPM). Recently, CFD has been utilized by various researchers as a tool to model fracturing slurry flow within perforation clusters to predict proppant transport and distribution trends. This work models the fluid...

... interactions between proppant particles, fracturing fluids, and fracture walls, we use the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We calibrate our model using widely accepted bed-load transport measurements. The simulation domain involves a "T-type" intersection...

... due to the changes in the proppant concentration as well as the changes in the size and shape of proppant particles. The uneven proppant distribution between perforation clusters was mostly observed in cases where the density of proppnat was relatively high and at low flow rates. However, at high flow...

.... The pressure dependent leak-off of the fracturing fluid into the rock matrix/natural fracture system is considered. The proppant transport and deposition within the fracture is modeled by treating the mixture of fluid and proppant particles as slurry. The simulation results show that proppant transport...

...) loading. Comprehensive rheological properties of the carrier fluids were characterized under steady-state and oscillatory shear and correlated with the observed proppant transport behavior. At least two sand transport mechanisms were observable in the slot flow tests. Small sand particles remained...

... In the DEM, particles can be considered either deformable or rigid. These two types are mostly referred to as soft-sphere (SS) and hard-sphere (HS) formulation, respectively. For a dilute system (in which multibody collisions are limited), the HS formulation is appropriate...

... Relatively little experimental work has focused on particle transport and segregation in a horizontal pipe with branches. Nasr-El-din et al. (1989) experimentally discovered that for a horizontal T-junction with different branch orientations, the concentration ratio is found to be above one...

... dependence of the fracture path, 3D representation of natural fractures and their intersections, closing of an opened fracture, or shear in fractures, are difficult to accurately capture using these techniques. The use of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for simulation of fracture in solids...

... to create circular notches and weaken the formation at target depths. The second step involved the pumping of a small volume of a composite fluid of degradable non-damaging fiber and particles that bridge at the fracture face, to divert the remainder of the treatment to under-stimulated sections...

.... Solid particles with different shapes and sizes are widely used as diverting agents during fracture treatments. The recommended particles should temporarily bridge inside the fracture to create a low- permeability pack that increases the pressure within the fracture and enables redirection of next-stage...

... the shale fracture due to fracture face spalling, slope instability, and clay dispersion can migrate inside the fracture and are responsible for approximately 20% of the conductivity reduction. There is no evidence of crushed proppant particle migration in this study. Longer term rock creep accounts...

... hydraulic fracturing specific gravity coverage area laboratory testing proppant modeling particle Prototype Development new generation high-drag proppant fracturing fluid ceramic proppant crush strength sand proppant society of petroleum engineers conductivity Introduction Hydraulic...