... column that contains a certain threshold of proppant is calculated. fracturing fluid fracturing materials proppant concentration shear rate geomechanics proppant transport linear guar chemistry geology hydraulic fracturing hvfr loading geologist propped area ratio result viscosity...

... coupling geology production logging production control strain gradient concentration simulated wellbore standard fiber average strain loading friction reducer translation stage maximum strain gradient strain coupling Introduction The use of fiber optic techniques such as low-frequency...

... as the water-based counterparts, increasing affects to shear with increased loadings. HVFR at 3.0 gpt pre-shear to post-shear viscosity decreased by 5.5%. Guar at 5.0 gpt (20 ppt dry equivalent) pre-shear to post-shear viscosity reduced by 6.7%. In comparison, HVFR at 5.0 gpt pre-shear to post-shear viscosity...

... were conducted to measure the effect of frac water quality, HVFR loading, breaker loading, and compatibility with other additives used in the fluid recipe such as surfactants, scale inhibitors, and biocides. The ability of HVFR to suspend and transport proppant is not only a function of polymer loading...

... rate slickwater jobs have become more commonplace. Hybrid designs have been used to increase proppant loadings. However, a new trend to use significantly higher FR concentrations to achieve a system capable of placing higher proppant concentrations is gaining market share. This leads to the current...

... to a high number of rotating-bending load cycles. This cyclic loading can result in high stresses in the thread roots of the casing connections, which may lead to localized yielding of the material and potential structural failure. The hydraulic fracturing process itself subjects the production casing...

... gel fracturing fluid suspension loading proppant transport proppant viscosity reduction transport property gpt loading HVFR sand recovery higher viscosity Introduction Understanding the performance criteria for effective proppant transport is important in hydraulic fracturing...

... gallons) for guar, which were matched to achieve cost-parity between the two classes of fluids. The proppants used were 30/50, 20/40, and 12/20 mesh sand at 2 ppg (pounds per gallon) loading. Comprehensive rheological properties of the carrier fluids were characterized under steady-state and oscillatory...

... production and the maximizing of in-country content and value. contribution Saudi Arabia requirement erosion experiment conductivity loading local sand fracture conductivity fracture technology proppant pillar fracture stress region Flow Channel hydraulic fracturing fracturing materials...

... as diversion agents such as material chemistry, particle size, particle shape, particle size distribution, particle loading, carrier fluid type, and carrier fluid viscosity. Three tests were performed in this study: Bridging tests to determine the optimized particle size and loading as function of fracture...

... in the industries' understanding of the behavior of proppants has led to modifications and improvements to the conductivity testing apparatus and in test procedures. Critical components of the equipment and test procedures, including loading of the cell, flow rates and cell design, will affect the test results...

... Therefore, converting a LFR loading of 0.5 gpt to a DFR loading would calculate as: 2.6 lb/gal × 0.5 gpt = 1.3 lb/1,000 gal which is equivalent to 0.016%. Figure 1 gives a graphic representation comparing DFR (%) to 30% LFR (gpt). A DFR needs to be pre-hydrated prior to use. A stock...

... or exceeding baseline productivity curves. proppant fracturing fluid hydraulic fracturing pilot well viscosity Comparison Well HCFR system gel friction reducer concentration Bakken application fracturing materials Upstream Oil & Gas completion team operation fluid system loading...

... viscosity gel hydraulic fracturing frequency elasticity frequency range loading shear stress society of petroleum engineers proppant transport elastic regime shear rate show shear rate Introduction In 1949, J.B. Clark published a description of the “Hydrafrac” process for increasing well...

... and/or a desired cumulative water production. The subsea oil well in 1700 feet of water in the Gulf of Mexico was completed with a frac-pack using a total of 14,881 pounds of proppant. This includes a 10% (1,488 pounds) loading of the solid scale inhibitor product. The well was put on production following...

... Lower viscosity fluids are used in slickwater fracture operations. These fracture operations favor fracture length, unlike gelled fluids, which favor fracture width. These fluids are viscosified using synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamide at a typical loading of 0.2 – 2 lb/Mgal. Since...

... to predict the stress state in the vicinity of crack tip caused by a remote loading or residual stresses [ Rice, 1968 ]. Stress intensity factors for mode I and II fractures are defined as: (3) K I = σ n π a (4) K I I = τ π a Substituting Eqs. 1 – 2...

... from the fracture, understanding the behavior of the proppant pack is critical. A series of laboratory experiments have been conducted to study conductivity and fracture width with high proppant loading, high temperature and high pressure using a Cooke conductivity cell. In thisstudy, proppant...

... to achieve significant reduction of polymer loading in the field, and effective breaking downhole minimizes residue. The new friction reducer is delivered in liquid form to simplify logistics and field operations. It is very effective as a friction reducer, compatible with common chemical additives (scale...

... treatment. By reducing the polymer loading, the fracturing fluid has less viscosity and therefore the fracture has not only fewer tendencies to grow in height, but also will leave less physical traces in the placed propped fracture, and therefore the lowering the damaging effect of the polymer...