... Abstract Acid fracturing is a common stimulation technique employed in enhancing hydrocarbon production from the chalk formations in the North Sea sector of Norway. The efficacy of this stimulation method relies on several factors, some of which are well defined and understood whereas...

... Abstract During hydraulic fracturing or acid fracturing treatments, the efficacy and performance of the stimulation fluid largely depends on the bottomhole injection temperatures to which the fluid is exposed as it enters the fracture. This study focuses on calculation of injection temperatures...

.... Additionally, its well productivity is hampered by low matrix permeability. Addressing these challenges is crucial, and a successful acid fracturing process can not only enhance well productivity but also address Asphaltene-related problems. This study delves into a comprehensive methodology that was employed...

... Abstract As our industry is tapping into tighter carbonate reservoirs than in the past, completion techniques need to be improved to stimulate the low-permeability carbonate formation. Multistage acid fracturing technique has been developed in recent years and proved to be successful in some...

... Abstract Creating sufficient and sustained fracture conductivity contributes directly to the success of acid fracturing treatments. The permeability and mineralogy distributions of formation rocks play significant roles in creating non-uniformly etched surfaces that can withstand high closure...

... Abstract Objective Knowledge of fracture entry pressures or the formation face pressures during Acid Fracturing treatments can help in evaluating the effectiveness of the stimulation treatment in dynamic mode and can also enable and improve real-time decisions during the execution...

... For acid fracturing in a naturally fractured limestone reservoir, we can assume the following: Steady state. Laminar flow of incompressible Newtonian fluid. This assumption holds for injection of straight acid into a fracture at injection rates typical for an acid fracturing treatment...

... packing, acid fracture stimulated horizontals, acid matrix stimulated horizontals, up to the present day of multiple proppant fractured horizontal wells through cemented liner completions. This technique remains the predominant completion method applied in the Valhall Tor reservoir. The success...

... Abstract Acid fracturing stimulation can be an effective means to improve well performance in carbonate formations. In general, a treatment consists of multiple stage injections alternating between acid and non-reacting fluid to better place acid, and therefore, to create sustainable...

... Abstract Multi-stage acid fracturing in a tight carbonate formation can be an alternative to propped fracturing as a relatively cost-effective completion treatment. However the success of the treatment depends on many factors as to whether enough conductivity by acid etching has been created...

... ). In this particular case this will primarily be achieved by targeting deep fracture penetration into the formation, using high pump rates as well as a novel acid recipe to ensure increased retrained conductivity. Mungo Reservoir Description The Mungo field is a pierced salt diapir structure sealed...

.... These proppant systems have certain disadvantages such as formation and fracture permeability damage due to the viscous gel residue, risk of early screen-out and reduced effective propped area due to proppant excessive leakoff or settling, and abrasion to the pumping equipment and tubular. Acid fracturing...

... area can reduce the well productivity unless a way can be found to keep these unpropped fractures and microfractures open. The use of acid is one possible method of accomplishing this objective. As contrasted with proppants, acid does not have any physical restriction in accessing microfractures...

...Acid Fracture Modeling History Acid fracturing is a well stimulation technology for carbonate reservoirs. Typically a nonreactive pad fluid is injected to create the fracture then acid is injected to dissolve the rock along the faces of the fracture. A treatment may involve multiple stages...

... Abstract A fully 3D modeling tool to evaluate and predict acid fracture performance across the wide range of carbonate field properties has been developed. The model simulates acid transport and fracture face dissolution. The acid transport model includes the non-Newtonian characteristics...

... Abstract The deep and hard limestones found off-shore Brazil are being extensively evaluated, and some of them would require stimulation to enable commercial development. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the feasibility of acid fracturing stimulation in hard carbonates. Laboratory...

... Abstract Nowadays, it is commonplace to say that acid fracture conductivity depends on the fracture face asperities. Does it really depend on it? Almost thirty years ago, someone wrote, "We believe the conductivity measured in these tests is mainly due to the smoothing of peaks and valleys...

... levels of success, but often result in nothing more than a frustrating attempt. A new solution has been developed that has demonstrated substantial success in overcoming particularly stubborn tortuosity problems. The method builds upon the use of a non-damaging, single-stage phosphonic/hydrofluoric acid...

... to control height growth, and formation temperatures up to 375°F provide a challenging environment for a successful stimulation. Conventional stimulation approaches using acid fracturing and proppant fracturing techniques often have resulted in less than optimal effective etched or propped fracture half...

... Abstract Acid fracturing, as a conventional and effective stimulation method, has been widely used in carbonate formation. But because of serious acid leak-off and rapid acid/rock reaction speed, the length of effective acid etched fracture is always restricted, even the high viscosity acid...