... waveform upstream oil & gas imager anisotropy reservoir characterization caprock information ultrasonic cement imager well logging maximum horizontal stress direction horizontal stress direction orientation anisotropy processing co 2 reservoir geomechanics interface array sonic imager...

... debonding exists at one of the interfaces of the cement sheaths. Tests performed in the laboratory have shown that there exist two types of mechanisms that could lead to cement-sheath loss of integrity: mechanical degradation, when cement is submitted to compressive or tensile loadings that are too high...

... ] dB/cm The flexural waves irradiate both compressional and shear waves in the annulus causing echoes to be reflected or scattered back as a later casing flexural wave. This echo is called the Third Interface Echo (TIE). The transit time difference between the casing arrival and the TIE...

... or cement-formation interfaces. CO 2 does react with the cement by diffusion from the interface into the cement, in which case it produces distinct carbonation fronts within the cement. This is consistent with observations of cement performance at the CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery SACROC Unit in West Texas...