... et al., 2008 ), and the heat is primarily transferred by conduction and a relatively long time is required to heat up a reservoir; (2) use of low frequency electric current, ohmic heating or resistive heating in oil reservoirs, where electric current flow in a formation is primarily via ionic...

... propagation and transport phenomena in heavy oil reservoirs. In this study, we developed simplified coupled EM-thermal models to emphasize on two important aspects of radio frequency heating process, near-field analysis and insulated antenna setups. It will be shown how much thermal error can be introduced...

... Abstract SAGD is an energy-intensive process with large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and required water treatment. One option to reduce emissions and water is to use electromagnetic (EM) heating in either the induction (medium frequency) or radio frequency (RF) ranges. Since...

... electromagnetically at varying frequencies (200 MHz to 6 GHz) under pressure. Frequency dependent dielectric properties were measured for each sample utilizing a coaxial dielectric probe and a vector network analyzer. Dielectric constant (ε′), loss index (ε″), and loss tangent of test mediums were utilized...

...) T 0 = R 01 * T 1 Where T0 is the current estimated temperature while T1 is the actual temperature from 10min back in time. The lagged ratios in ( 8a and 8b ) are based on pressure (P), pump rate (Pr), pump frequency (F) and injection rate (S) as shown in equation (5...

.... Additionally, high temperatures are not always indicative of inflow and cooler liner temperatures may not signify the absence of production contribution. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), which is used to measure acoustic frequency and intensity in 1-m intervals along the length of a fiber-optic line...

... Abstract Conventional steam injection processes for thermal heavy oil recovery are generally limited to relatively shallow, thick, permeable, and homogenous reservoirs. An alternative thermal recovery process is to use electromagnetic (EM) energy to generate heat. Radio frequency heating is one...

... of flotates, many fines and bubbles: visible asphaltenes complex reservoir mineral matrix Montgomery bitumen residue recovery maltene aquathermolysis Upstream Oil & Gas crude Bitumen Chemistry oil sand steam-assisted recovery flotate frequency heavy oil separation mineral...

..." (or "circulation") phase is ranging between three to several months. A variety of processes are used to minimize time of start-up phase such as: electro-magnetic (EM) heating either induction (medium frequency) or radio frequency (RF) ranges. Knowing the hot-zone size formed by steam circulation and benefit...

... field combined with higher removal efficiency of small water droplets in the stronger DC field. Further improvements include amplitude modulated electrostatic fields, high frequency AC fields, improved electrode configurations as well as improved fluid distribution inside the electrostatic treaters...

... for steam injection based Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, and the application of low- frequency Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) has been demonstrated to limit the heating rate as well as the production rate. Hence, high frequency Electromagnetic Heating (EMH) has been chosen as a potential...

... model dimensionless flow rate thermal conductivity SAGD performance lens frequency flow in porous media frequency heterogeneity steam chamber correlation length Modeling & Simulation Fluid Dynamics permeability value simulation result realization SAGD process permeability...

.... This initial study has therefore involved investigating a range of synthetic oil sands systematically prepared from bitumen, water, sand and clay, to compare the behaviour with results obtained from a real core sample (obtained from a BP asset). The low-frequency dielectric spectroscopic analysis (10 -2 to 10...

..., T is the time period overwhich the analog representation is defined, f c is the center frequency that the digital information will be centered on and is the digital value for that particular bit in the sequence (either a 0 or a 1). The random sequence of binary digits is transformed...