... as a measure of the environmental benefit achieved when alternate measures are considered for reducing environmental risks. For the WEA, the most common practice today is to measure toxicity (say, EC50, LC50 and/or NOEC) of the Whole Effluent, sometimes denoted WET (Whole Effluent Toxicity). Because...

... in research and development chemistry. chemical spill classification us government chemistry global chemical evaluation process review chemical product chemical use and storage chemical evaluation process review category endpoint division 1 cepr aquatic toxicity substance regulation...

...Materials and methods The methods used included physico-chemical analyses, toxicity and biodegradation tests on sediment, as well as benthic fauna analysis at different sampling stations located along a transect on the same isobath (180 m) around the discharge site ( Fig. 2 ). Table 1...

... reactive shale sections without sacrificing drilling performance or increasing environmental risk. toxicity inhibition gulf drilling fluid chemistry inhibitor water-based mud drilling fluids and materials application accretion seawater drilling fluid formulation drilling performance...

... Abstract Drilling into a hydrogen-sulphide (H2S) rich formation presents risks that the highly toxic gas might be carried to the surface and released, thus creating a serious hazard. To mitigate this risk, it is standard practice to run the drilling mud at high pH and to include a sulphide...

... acceptable fluids such as those afforded by waterbased drilling fluids or high paraffinic fluids. The latter type are especially useful in high temperature, high pressure extended reach applications. In addition, the newer all-paraffinic fluids possess reduced toxicity and reasonable biodegradability...

..., standardized (OSPAR) and experimental toxicity tests, aerobic and anaerobic degradation measurements and lixiviation tests were performed on various types of muds and cuttings (containing diesel oil, two different paraffinic cuts, and glycol). The results of the study demonstrated that: OSPAR tests show...

... Limitation Guidelines, industry work groups, including EPA scientists and engineers, took on the specific tasks of identifying and modifying test protocols that would allow continued positive development of SBM technology. The resulting test protocols for biodegradation, toxicity and analytical chemistry...

... fluid formulation toxicity drilling fluid property drilling fluid chemistry stability brine droplet Introduction Typical oil-based muds are essentially water-in-oil emulsions with an aqueous dispersed phase varying from 5 to 40 per cent. They contain emulsifiers for improving stability...

... expert judgement production industry society of petroleum engineers regulation toxicity environmental impact drilling fluid chemistry drilling fluid property biodegradation upstream oil & gas exploration spe 48946 regulator drilling fluid formulation offshore industry Introduction...

... emission platform chronic effect discharge point exposure dose toxicity contribution reinjection scale inhibition produced water discharge acetic acid plume upstream oil & gas hydrate remediation environmental impact discharge wax remediation exposure time production...

... the site and setting clean-up goals include a lack of summarized toxicity data for the petroleum hydrocarbons and the absence of government agency-derived allowable exposure levels. The purpose of this work was to (1) review the toxicity literature pertaining to mineral spirits, crude oil, diesel fuel...

... be minimized or eliminated through the implementation of proper waste management activities. These activities include not only the treatment and disposal of wastes, they also include reducing the amount and/or toxicity of wastes being generated. The first step in proactive waste management activities...

... Abstract Environmental problems, although nettlesome and often costly, have served to stimulate new developments in drilling fluid technologies. Minimizing environmental impact involves reducing levels of toxic components in drilling fluids, as well as waste minimization and recycling...

... corrosion inhibitors are toxic towards the marine organisms tested. New chemistries have been developed which display excellent corrosion inhibition properties and which are significantly less toxic. Introduction Corrosion inhibitors provide a cost effective method of minimising the problems of corrosion...

... Abstract The EPA's discharge permit for the Gulf of Mexico caused shortages of shrimp, long turn around times and increased bioassay costs ($1000/test). The Microtax Toxicity Analyzer uses a luminescent marine bacteria to measure toxicity in hours for a fraction of the cost. Including % oil...

... traditional systems depending on the characteristics of the mineral oil. Mineral oils while exceedingly variable in quality and toxicity are fairly available throughout the market place from numerous suppliers, but not as ubiquitous as diesel oils. Unfortunately, mineral oils are generally more expensive...