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Keywords: realization
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Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220754-MS
... permutation invariance wlo problem scenario validation objective function realization journal efficiency dataset mechanism optimization process Introduction A single reservoir simulation run may take a few minutes to a few hours and sometimes days and thereby it remains to be the bottleneck...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220847-MS
... with possible source wavelets derived from the seismic post-stack to generate the synthetic seismograms. These synthetic seismograms are then averaged to obtain a single noiseless synthetic seismic data, prior to addition of estimated field noise. 40,000 realizations of 1D synthetic datasets are generated...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220865-MS
... is to maximize the amount of recoverable hydrogen while maintaining operational constraints. We adopt a robust optimization approach that maximizes the mean objective function over a set of realizations representing subsurface uncertainty. The objective function, defined as the hydrogen deliverability index...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220846-MS
... to historical production data. In this work, an ensemble of conditional realizations is generated by a multi-realization history-matching (MHM) workflow. The posterior probability-density-function (PDF) of model parameters and/or production forecasts is non-Gaussian and we approximate it by a Gaussian-mixture...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220821-MS
... the water injection cost, and b is the annual discount rate. In robust optimization, the objective function that needs to be minimized is defined as the expected value or ensemble average of all realizations, defined as (2) J E ( u ) = 1 N E ∑ k = 1 N E J...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220783-MS
... with the powerful stochastic-gradient-based line-search sequential quadratic programming (LS-SQP) workflow to handle robust production optimization in the presence of nonlinear state constraints. Five realizations of the synthetic realistic Reservoir X model with different channelized heterogeneous permeability...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220737-MS
... injection and production rates from a number of geological and flow uncertainty realizations. The potentially censored time to gas leakage is recorded for each simulated scenario. We then leverage varied survival analysis methods, ranging from Kaplan-Meier to Random Survival Forests, to create...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220868-MS
.... Aquistore, the storage component of the Boundary Dam CCS project in Canada, aims to address the practical aspects of injecting large scale CO 2 into a 3.4 km deep aquifer. The process involved analyzing CO 2 injection data and employing multiple realizations of reservoir simulations that were calibrated...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September 23–25, 2024
Paper Number: SPE-220933-MS
... need a rough prior model to start with and the calibrated model is not required, which significantly reduces the manual effort in history matching. In addition, as the training and prediction are very fast to perform, the same procedure can be repeated for multiple prior realizations in quite short...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 16–18, 2023
Paper Number: SPE-214863-MS
.... We compare data assimilation and optimization workflows applied to an ensemble of model realizations considering scenarios where only surface measurements are available (standard practice) and where the fiber optics provides the continuous downhole production/injection information. The impact...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 16–18, 2023
Paper Number: SPE-214889-MS
... reservoir-geomechanical models used for large-scale subsurface energy development; 2) provide the upscaled realizations needed for geomechanical assessments considering geological uncertainties. The first step of the deep learning-based upscaling technique is generating a dataset that contains a sufficient...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 16–18, 2023
Paper Number: SPE-214985-MS
... Abstract Subsurface modeling is important for subsurface resource development, energy storage, and CO2 sequestration. Many geostatistical and machine learning methods are developed to quantify the subsurface uncertainty by generating subsurface model realizations. Good subsurface models should...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 16–18, 2023
Paper Number: SPE-215155-MS
... When geological uncertainties are presented in the model parameters, the robust optimization formulation should be employed, where multiple realizations of the uncertain model parameters, such as porosity and permeability fields, are used. These realizations are often generated using appropriate...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 3–5, 2022
Paper Number: SPE-210144-MS
... reservoir simulation workflow scenario upstream oil & gas reservoir characterization algorithm exhibition offshore field modeling & simulation history integrated uncertainty centric modeling approach criteria ensemble realization locating infill target petroleum engineer...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 3–5, 2022
Paper Number: SPE-210217-MS
... characterization enhanced recovery npv uplift realization workflow accelerate depletion planning optimization injector equation Introduction A depletion plan is developed to optimally exploit a hydrocarbon reservoir from discovery to abandonment. It provides a roadmap to maximize an asset value...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 3–5, 2022
Paper Number: SPE-210133-MS
... at updating models when new geological information is received from the field (data assimilation), ( Jung et al., 2018 ). Alternatively, optimization methods can be used to automatically find a geological realization that matches the historical data. As it is described in ( Basu et al., 2016 ), three big...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 3–5, 2022
Paper Number: SPE-210327-MS
... depositional environments for clastic aquifers that would offer suitable characteristics for storage. co 2 permeability fraction modeling & simulation upward migration finley upstream oil & gas heterogeneity hydrogen viscosity realization dp 0 natural gas storage aquifer saline...
Proceedings Papers

Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 3–5, 2022
Paper Number: SPE-210309-MS
... validation dataset realization Introduction Geologic CO 2 sequestration is considered as one of the important technologies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission and decelerate the global warming ( Aminu et al. 2017 , Michael et al. 2010 , Sharma 2011 , Viebahn et al. 2015 , Zhou et al...

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