... such as compressive strength, fracture toughness, and hardness can reflect the mechanical characteristics of shale, thereby revealing the expansion patterns of fracture networks and the effectiveness of fracturing during reservoir stimulation ( Fujian et al. 2019 ). Understanding the mechanical characteristics...

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... that the hardness in welding zone including heat affected zone (HAZ) for a normalized pipe is significantly higher than the base metal, while this phenomenal is not observed for a Q&T pipe. Due to the fact that the microstructure of a normalized pipe is not homogeneous as a Q&T pipe causing the change...

... where α and m are fitting parameters, and h f is the final contact depth. The contact stiffness S , which can be calculated by the slope of the initial unloading curve at the maximum indentation, is the critical parameter for hardness and Young's modulus calculation. (2) S...

..., Kumar, & Pandey, 2016 ). Encouraged by these positive results, operators are looking at applying the process in new fields even in the context of low oil prices and are evaluating its feasibility in more challenging reservoir conditions: high salinity, high hardness and high temperature. Most...

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... addressed by CFD where V and α distribution as in eq. (1) over the material surface can be predicted with good accuracy ( Brown 2002 , Lester 2010 ). The material properties of the surface and particles including hardness, surface treatment, and the shape and size of the particles are implicitly...

... Abstract The paper presents an overview of the development of the material, which is highly durable against wear and chipping, and can increase the lifetime of roller cone bit inserts while drilling hard & abrasive formations. And the paper also details the design and structure of the new...

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