.... The industry's rule of thumb for the "end of life" for fiberglass rods is 30-40 million rod reversals. However, most failures occurred before the rods reached one-third of their life expectancy, even though the fiberglass rods were operated well within the recommended stress ranges provided by the manufacturers...

... Abstract Bellows are mechanical devices used to compensate linear, thermal, or angular movement/expansion. Said bellows can be manufactured in different shapes, sizes, using different materials. One typical example of bellows application is in pipelines to compensate for thermal expansion...

... department's viscosity testing program, its results, analysis, and new findings are discussed in this paper. upstream oil & gas viscous application esp society horsepower viscosity viscosity correction factor prediction manufacturer artificial lift system validation petroleum engineer...

... specification api 11ax knowledge management Failure analysis laboratory run life Upstream Oil & Gas optimization intervention cost downhole pump installation application valve rod plunger corrosion rod string sucker rod string valve failure reason manufacturer special part...