... orientation, such as transition from internal to external defect. Then the data is integrated with topographical information based on the construction survey as shown in figure 1 , this to match changes in topography and correlate with the anomalies distribution across the pipeline. This approach allows...

... process was used to select the ANN optimum topography. The Nesterov-accelerated adaptive moment estimation algorithm is the optimization algorithm used to improve the ANN solution's training efficiency and convergence speed. The developed ANN achieved 93.09% and 92.62% accuracy for the apparent surface...

... Abstract A method consisting in an optimal combination of conventional topography from a terrestrial acquisition and satellite derived topography is presented. The solution recently implemented in the UAE for the engineering and the construction of a gas export pipeline allows significant cost...

... channels cutting the reef and shoal areas was clarified during this study. The factors controlling the structural origin, such as reef/shoal depositional morphology, differential compaction and tectonic modification as well as erosional topography, are carefully examined and summarized that differential...