... stresses, and depletion of chromium in the matrix near grain boundaries, methods to reduce corrosion were discussed. piping design outer surface chemical composition test sample contingency planning strength weld material sample cut tensile strength steam line Upstream Oil & Gas pipe...

.... These can cause serious damages to the piping and supporting systems. Such operational and design issues related to steam service can affect the integrity of Plant structures. This paper presents the improvements that are considered in steam lines and their supporting structures which assures high safety...