The present study aims to investigate the free surface effects on a conventional screw propeller and shaft system by open water tests with submergence depth variations. The force and moment on the propeller were measured, and the types of ventilation were classified by analyzing the underwater video images and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) results of the thrust. The ventilation effects with respect to submergence depths and advance coefficients on propulsion performance were investigated. Also, the shaft excitation force was analyzed, and the thrust eccentricity was calculated.

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