... Summary A novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for discrete parameters and its hybridized algorithm with multi-point geostatistics are presented. This stochastic algorithm is designed for complex geological models, which often require discrete facies modeling before simulating...

... of this paper is two-fold, i.e., to develop an efficient scheme to explore the model space and to sample models from the null space statistically. We compare performance of local (conjugate gradient), global (particle swarm optimization and differential evolution) and a hybrid optimization scheme...

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