Summary
The ISS internal-multiple-attenuation algorithm assumes that the free-surface multiples have been removed from the input of this algorithm, and the input consists of only primaries and internal multiples. The algorithm selects three events by a "longer-shorter-longer" relationship in the vertical-travel-time domain and the primaries selected in that procedure predict the accurate time and approximate amplitude of all first-order internal multiples without any subsurface information (Weglein et al., 2003). However, the input data contain both primaries and internal multiples. When internal multiples themselves are selected in that procedure, two different types of events will be produced. The first type is higher-order internal multiples (e.g., second-order internal multiples (Zhang and Shaw, 2010)), and these predicted higher-order internal multiples will cooperatively assist and benefit the attenuating of higher-order internal multiples in the data. The second type is spurious events (events that do not exist in the data). For the second type of events, Weglein et al. (2011), Liang et al. (2013) and Ma and Weglein (2014) show that the spurious events are fully anticipated by the ISS, and specific higher-order terms from ISS will precisely address that spurious-event issue. The inclusion of higher-order terms provides a new ISS internalmultiple- attenuation algorithm that does not generate the spurious events and, at the same time, retains the strength of the original algorithm. That original contribution (i.e., the aforementioned new algorithm) was for a one dimensional subsurface. In this paper, we extend the previous work on addressing the spurious events to a multi-D case and show more realistic synthetic test results in 2D. Those tests exemplify the relevant and practical benefit provided by this new internal-multiple algorithm.
Introduction
The inverse scattering series (ISS) communicates that it is possible to achieve all seismic data processing objectives directly and without subsurface information. The current ISS internalmultiple- attenuation algorithm was first developed by Araujo et al. (1994) andWeglein et al. (1997). The unique strength (always present independent of the circumstances and complexity of the geology and the play) of the ISS internal-multipleattenuation algorithm is that this algorithm is able to predict internal multiples without any subsurface information. Hence, the ISS internal-multiple-attenuation algorithm is often called upon in the cases in which the multiple-removal is a challenging problem and it is difficult to find the subsurface information for other multiple-suppression methods to be effective. The tests on ISS internal-multiple-attenuation algorithm have shown promising results and unique value compared with other multiple-suppression methods (e.g., K.Maston et al. (1999); Fu et al. (2010); Hsu et al. (2010); Ferreira (2011); Terenghi et al. (2011); Luo et al. (2011);Weglein et al. (2011); Kelamis et al. (2013)).