ABSTRACT

In conventional seismic exploration, the construction of a detailed subsurface image requires high-quality reflection recordings from a dense grid of seismic sources. Such data acquisition operations are laborious and thus costly on land, especially when surface terrain access is difficult such as in mountainous, swampy or densely populated areas. Cost becomes a dominant factor in the exploration of large remote frontier regions to which heavy equipment needs to be transported and terrain access can be, increasingly over the years, highly restricted such as in environmentally sensitive territory.

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