Many rock formations are anisotropic. Their anisotropy, or dependence of seismic velocities on the direction of wave propagation, has been extensively studied and documented throughout the world. It is now widely accepted that understanding subsurface anisotropy yields numerous benefits for both exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. For example, seismic images produced with anisotropic velocity fields are usually crisper and geologically more meaningful than those created with traditional isotropic velocity models. In addition, relating anisotropy to its physical causes (such as lithology, fractures, stresses) enables one to obtain valuable information about them, something that cannot be done if the rocks are deemed isotropic. Making accurate measurements of anisotropy is an obvious prerequisite for all these potential improvements. To be most useful, such measurements should be done in-situ and in the seismic frequency range. Here we discuss a recently developed technique for estimating anisotropy from P-wave VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling) data and present two examples of its application in different settings.
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Estimation of Local Seismic Anisotropy From P-wave VSP Data
Vladimir Grechka;
Vladimir Grechka
Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston
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Albena Mateeva;
Albena Mateeva
Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston
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Carol Gentry;
Carol Gentry
Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston
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Patsy Jorgensen;
Patsy Jorgensen
Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston
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Jorge L. Lopez;
Jorge L. Lopez
Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston
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Gerardo Franco
Gerardo Franco
Colorado School of Mines, Department of Geophysics
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Paper presented at the 2007 SEG Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, September 2007.
Paper Number:
SEG-2007-3090
Published:
September 23 2007
Citation
Grechka, Vladimir, Mateeva, Albena, Gentry, Carol, Jorgensen, Patsy, Lopez, Jorge L., and Gerardo Franco. "Estimation of Local Seismic Anisotropy From P-wave VSP Data." Paper presented at the 2007 SEG Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, September 2007.
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