ABSTRACT

Standard geophysical methods for monitoring CO2, injection have been proposed but many have were limitations. In particular, while they can be used to monitor the presence or absence or CO2, during an injection, they are unable to quantify changes in CO2, saturation in most reservoirs. Amplitude versus Offset (AVO) attributes may be able to provide more sensitive discriminators for CO2, presence. We propose a workflow useful for the prediction of the AVO response under arbitrary geologic conditions. Using this method we perform an experiment where AVO is combined with an upscaling scheme that propagates the effects or small-scale heterogeneities up to the scale or seismic observation. This experiment demonstrates the ability of the AVO technique to not only determine the presence or absence of CO2, , but also to determine the degree of CO2, saturation in the reservoir.

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