Reservoir characterization plays a key role in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon, groundwater, and carbon sequestration resources, all of which require effective management and optimization of reservoirs. Characterizing reservoirs involves the detailed analysis and interpretation of geological, geophysical, and petrophysical data to construct a comprehensive model of its components. Such models are crucial for understanding the spatial distribution of rock properties, fluid contents, and flow characteristics, which are important for predicting reservoir performance and planning field development strategies. Reservoir characterization reduces uncertainties associated with reservoir properties and behavior, thereby enhancing the precision of reservoir simulations and the efficiency of recovery operations. Additionally, the exploration on fluvial channel body geometry, the impact of scale on reservoir performance, and the challenges in predicting reservoir behavior due to internal heterogeneities underscore the need for detailed 3D facies distribution models. The integration of geological concepts, analog information, and process-based models offers a sophisticated approach to enhancing reservoir characterization, thereby improving the predictability and efficiency of reservoir management strategies.

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