Envelope full-waveform inversion of marine seismic data

Envelope full waveform inversion (EI) of seismic data has been proposed to overcome the cycle-skipping issue for a decade. However, there is no published successful application of EI on real data examples what we are aware of. In this work, we find that the amplitude-mismatching between modeled and observed data is a key factor to prevent successful application of EI on real data examples. To match amplitude better, we introduce an amplitude normalization strategy using the amplitude of the head waves as the normalization reference. Moreover, we use a new improved envelope inversion (IEI) method which can use all data residual (including the reflection residual). We demonstrate the successful application of IEI on a 2D marine seismic data example. We show we can estimate a reliable velocity model with IEI and a high-resolution velocity model with IEI+FWI using 24 Hz data.