Monitoring and forecasting CO2 storage in the Sleipner area with spatio-temporal CNNs

We have developed spatio-temporal neural-network-based models that can produce high-fidelity interpolated or extrapolated seismic images effectively and efficiently. Specifically, our models are built on an autoencoder, and incorporate the long short-term memory (LSTM) structure with a new loss function regularized by optical flow. We validate the performance of our models in monitoring and forecasting the CO2 storage using real 4D post-stack seismic imaging data acquired at the Sleipner CO2 sequestration field.