... of the exposed alloys must be limited to consumption, and as a result a different fuel consumption. Since below 827 MPa (120 ksi). Hydrogen molecules are small the transported gas is also used as fuel supply for the gas compared to most hydrocarbon gases, which makes case-end turbines that drive the pipeline...

... is to control the units such, that certain operational parameters, for example fuel consumption, pipeline capacity or maintenance requirements, are optimized. The discussion includes the use and sizing of multiple units, the arrangement of units, the arrangement as push or pull compression, as well as examples...

... that the transient state of the network is described by the system of partial differential equations of hyperbolic type expressing mass, momentum and energy conservation in pipes and flow conservation in nodes. The optimization criterion is to minimize the fuel consumption of the compressor stations. Each compressor...

... AND BACKGROUND Natural gas is usually transported by pipeline networks which serve as the most cost effective transportation means. Transmission systems usually have a linear topology corresponding to a linear arrangement of compressor stations. The fuel consumption of compressors is responsible for a large...

.... The potential to lower CAPEX (due to lower compression power requirement) and OPEX (due to lower fuel consumption) are counteracted by the extra cost of the internal coating. In this paper, a large diameter pipeline case study is used to evaluate the alternatives of (a) coating versus (b) not coating...

... various pipeline conditions. The two questions that will be answered are: 1. What is the flow and pressure ratio capability? 2. What is the fuel consumption? The methodology in this paper has been successfully used by Gordon Muster of El Paso Corporation to model several two-shaft gas turbine engines...

... has been developed to demonstrate the value of the results and prove the feasibility of this approach. Details of the compressor model program are presented in this paper. Example results from optimizing fuel consumption for a typical pipeline compressor with a gas engine driver at various speeds...

... ABSTRACT Optimization of a large gas pipeline network results in reduced hydraulic analysis time, reduced fuel consumption, and generally improved pipeline operation. This paper evaluates the practical and technical application of a Genetic Algorithm-based optimization tool, which accurately...

... variables are chosen to be the operating speeds of the units in the compressor stations, while the objective function is taken to be the average fuel consumption rate over the interval of interest, summed over all units. The constraint functions gj( b ) are formulated suitably to ensure that operational...

... (i.e. satisfying minimum pressure requirements to all customers), reducing operating costs (i.e. fuel consumption), reducing environmental impact (i.e. NOX, CO, CO2 emissions), reducing maintenance costs (i.e. extending overhaul intervals). Some advanced tools are required to meet...

... solution approximation artificial intelligence convergence optimization compressor station application practical experience fuel consumption upstream oil & gas flowrate PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES WITH VARIOUS OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Erwin Sekirnjak...

... functions of the state of the pipeline: The total fuel used in compression. The total throughput of the system. A function, usually related to pollutant emissions, of the compressors' power, efficiency and fuel consumption. Other objectives have also been considered, in particular relating...

... constraint midstream oil & gas independent variable compressor station discontinuity stoner associate operation compressors engines and turbines discharge pressure artificial intelligence fuel usage fuel consumption simulation gas transmission network Some Causes and Effects...

... performance guarantee compressor speed design condition performance guarantee fuel consumption compressors engines and turbines compressor station vendor speed line THE USE OF FAN LAWS TO CURVE FIT CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR OPERATING DATA PRESENTED BY ROBERT McCHANE AT THE 1992 PIPELINE SIMULATION...

... operating case fuel consumption artificial intelligence operator PIPELINE SIMULATION INTEREST GROUP IMPLEMENTING AN OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM FOR A NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE by Gary J. Grelli Mechanical Engineer Pacific Gas Transmission Company PSIG ANNUAL MEETING ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO OCTOBER 24...