... upstream oil & gas saudi arabia government psig 2211 throughput midstream oil & gas plant 1 dra concentration pipeline performance curve knowledge management drag reduction dra performance curve saudi aramco case study mbd dra injection rate reduction degradation...

... what is being researched and investigated. Additionally, the mechanics behind drag reduction have been understood and the effect of DRAs on the flow rate and pressure of pipelines once injected has been understood. Factors such as location of DRA injection, DRA type vs. %Dr, and DRA concentration have...

... ABSTRACT Predicting the efficiency of a DRA is still dependent on the use of models developed through field tests. Two forms of the model are widely used for liquid pipelines, one correlates Drag Reduction (DR) as a function of DRA concentration only, and the other correlates DR as a function...

... of electric power price with time and location Real time pricing of electricity in some areas Delivery schedules Variance of products and/or oil properties in different batches Restrictions on maximum DRA concentrations These complex issues, which are very interdependent, make it difficult...