...) and the 500-g batch extraction test. In any case, regardless of the details of the batch extraction procedure, a consistently executed procedure will allow for the identification of extraction trends in terms of the impacts of clays, water chemistry, temperature, or other variables (1–3) . Typically, bitumen...

... phosphate esters used in fracturing operations are the primary cause of plugging. This paper describes work done to understand and solve the problem through formulation of new phosphonate ester oil gellant chemistry. As described in CIM 95–86 1 and SPE 75666 ,2 CO 2 -miscible, gelled hydrocarbon...

... injection-time viscosity may help to create more of piston-like displacement and consequently better plug water conduits in situ. Another parameter of interest is the set-up time character. In some cases the viscosity is a constant (for example, polymers which are not cross-linked). In other chemistries...

... chemistry have been successfully quantified using microscopic techniques developed at CANMET. More recently, an on- line tool using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which correlates with the CANMET microscopic method, has been developed with Suncor. An on-line technique based on NIR that can quantify...