... Introduction Forecasting oil prices is a necessity for oil companies, investors in oil stocks, and for financial institutions who lend to businesses that are directly or indirectly related to the oil industry. The problem, to quote Neils Bohr "It is extremely difficult to make an accurate...

... roles of mode identification, intelligence and information are emphasized within the framework of a general adaptive system. Strategic forecasting and contingency planning are important considerations as a prompt follow-up of mode identification for coordination and control of performance, when...