... appearance temperature (WAT) is the temperature at which the wax crystals start to form. The appearance of wax crystals doesn't lead necessarily to wax deposition. There are at least six mechanisms related to wax deposition: molecular diffusion, Soret diffusion, Brownian diffusion, shear dispersion, shear...

... from Cold Finger testing at different ratios of solvent/oil. The results showed that depending on solvent concentration the Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT), composition of paraffins and deposition rate have significantly changed. It was also shown that a biodegradable and low toxicity biosurfactant...

... conductivity vary as more wax separates from the liquid oil near the wall. The wax crystals form a resistance to heat transfer once the local temperature drops to below the WAT. Consequently, the greater resistance near the pipe-wall acts as insulation for the liquid in the pipe center which is relatively...

... 1 wax remediation production chemistry wellhead platform 1 scale inhibitor ppm platform asphaltene inhibition wat hydrate remediation scale remediation pour point offshore technology conference flowline arrival temperature scale inhibition inhibitor wax inhibition remediation...

... to 10 years). Another unresolved issue is the determination of the pressure required to restart a gelled pipeline. Various researchers have proposed different approaches, which are contradictory. As an example case, this paper focuses on a highly waxy crude oil with a WAT in the range of 125°F and pour...

.../(ft.h.oF). otc 19160 operation flow line wat upstream oil & gas temperature profile subsea system production monitoring design challenge blockage production rate scssv offshore technology conference pig velocity pipeline pigging production logging pour point reservoir...

... is called the pour point temperature. production logging wat deposit thickness venkatesan paraffin remediation otc 18798 wax remediation asphaltene remediation mass transfer wax inhibition scale remediation thickness precipitation appearance temperature diffusion scale inhibition...