... had been in wide use since 1972, but refined it to include a more rigorous definition of the relevant stress, and to include the effects of random loading, of sea water environments, size, and profile. During the 1990s, API established the Offshore Tubular Joint Research Center jointly...

... fatigue tests in a simulated sea-water environment have been carried out on 38 mm thick cruciform welded joints to investigate the effect of different types of narrow-band random load spectra. These load spectra are representative of the loading conditions experienced on offshore structures due to wave...

... in structural safety and reliability have provided bases upon which random loadings and reliability criteria can be used to develop simple but more realistic fatigue design criteria. To provide an indication of the applicability of some of these new hypotheses, laboratory tests conducted on butt-welded joints...