... simulation of an example ultra deepwater project shows that an uncertainty in hydrate prediction temperature of ~ 10 F can result in a step jump increase in CAPEX; e.g. designing the subsea production system for PipeInPipe insulation when external insulation of the pipeline/riser would be sufficient...

... production operations where cooler temperatures prevail. The purpose of this study is to determine the conditions under which hydrates can form in reservoir fluids and to evaluate the performance of commercially available hydrate prediction programs. Recent research has shown that the formation of hydrates...