...-stressing process and operation. piping simulation friction contraction operation upstream oil & gas displacement inline bulkhead fe model offshore pipeline insulation bulkhead outer pipe piping design pip system inner pipe pipe design temperature end expansion pre-stressing...

..., particularly the area of the Sao Paulo Plateau, something fairly unique is seen. In this area the majority of deformation is contained within the layered evaporites. Updip extension, sediment loading, and gravitational stresses have combined to produce a contractional environment on the Sao Paulo Plateau...

... OTC 19824 Managing Contraction and Stress in an Ambient Pressure Insulated 9%Ni Subsea Cryogenic Pipeline C. Neal Prescott and Jeff Zhang, Fluor Offshore Solutions Copyright 2009, Offshore Technology Conference This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2009 Offshore Technology Conference...

... and receiving terminals. Current LNG product transfer systems use short runs of rigid or flexible pipe. As terminals move further offshore, there is a need to develop longer runs of insulated rigid pipeline LNG transfer systems. A major issue for these systems is the pipe contraction due to the low temperature...

... storm stretch stiffness subsea system static stiffness curve platform synthetic fiber rope mean tension installation process permanent stretch installation tension dynamic stiffness constructional stretch cycling contraction mooring system stiffness curve upstream oil & gas...

... the first acoustic emission, the gas bubble oscillates, giving rise to a secondary acoustic emission at each of its contractions, which causes a great deal of interference on the seismic record. Each contraction is' followed by an expansion caused by the gas that was compressed during the contraction. Thus...