.... Segments of flexible risers experiencing large curvatures may respond non-linearly with respect to armour friction behaviour, but the effects on the global displacement responses are minor. However, the armour wire stresses are significantly influenced by such local friction, causing hysteresis effects...

... detailed finite element model flexible riser system curvature flexible riser shell element left end offshore technology conference scale nonlinear dynamic simulation simulation geometrically nonlinear upstream oil & gas coupling otc 24450 riser artificial intelligence element...

... line of the bent sample. From the measured elastica, the curvature is calculated. Results of bending moment at any section may be also calculated from the elastic line. In particular, bending moment vs. curvature, measured at the vertex of the arch, are calculated for each sample. Introduction...