... the nonionic amine head groups are fully protonated, it turns into cationic surfactant and its solubility and foamability significantly improves. These surfactants have an added benefit of implementation with CO 2 due to the existence of hydrogen ions naturally once CO 2 gets dissolved into the formation...

... foambility and stability; 2) by adding 1.2% additive triethanolamine and 1500ppm polymer (AVS) into 0.5% AES solution, the stability of CO 2 foam would be improved significantly without affecting the foamability considerably; 3) the foam stability increased with foam apparent viscosity; 4) the ultimate...