CO₂ Offshore Storage Integrated Monitoring System

CO₂ offshore storage is one of the key elements of Eni strategy for Energy Transition, aiming at minimizing GHG industrial emissions, especially for hard to abate sectors. The relevant storage sites need appropriate monitoring activities aimed at verifying that injection operations proceed as planned. Environmental surveys are part of these activities, with the overall objective of identifying any unexpected changes to the geophysical, physical, chemical, and biological environment and, in the unlikely case, promptly implement the appropriate corrective actions. Based on the above considerations, this paper presents an approach to monitoring for offshore CO₂ storage fields, based on Eni proprietary technologies: Offshore Microseismics for geophysical continuous monitoring, Clean Sea for environmental and geophysical surveys using underwater autonomous vehicles, and Landers (seafloor benthic stations) for continuous environmental monitoring. The reference scenarios of application are offshore Ravenna (Italy) and Hynet Northwest CCS Hubs (UK), where these technologies could be adopted during both baseline assessment and operational phases.