... to corrosive environments when intact, and as an evenly distributed sacrificial anode when damaged. In this work, the behavior of arc-sprayed ZnAl- and Al-coatings was investigated under two conditions – (i) full immersion in artificial seawater (ASTM D1141), and (ii) under droplets of artificial seawater...

... ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that even at a very low concentration of impurities (less than 100 ppm v of SO 2 , NO 2 , O 2 and H 2 O) the droplet formation and condensation of sulfuric and nitric acids in dense phase CO 2 are possible and observable. To reveal the mechanism...

... measurements explained depositional behaviour; whereby enhanced o/w emulsion viscosity and stability due to amphiphilic polymer adsorption onto both PbS scale and oil droplet interfaces resulted in uniform deposition upon all surfaces. INTRODUCTION Evolution of H 2 S gas within oil reservoirs can occur...

... SCC is a well-documented mode of attack for stainless steels in marine environments 2 , and many ISFSIs are in coastal areas. Pipeline Corrosion US government materials and corrosion flowline corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas concentration texas 77084 riser corrosion droplet evaporation...

... into a supercritical state to prevent pressure drop and to be transported mostly by pipeline to a site suitable for storage. When the transportation pipelines are buried at about 5 meter depth, the temperature of the pipeline is about 278 K, which increases the chance of dew formation followed by droplet corrosion...

... the pipe bottom in horizontal and slightly inclined lines. Full dispersion or entrainment of water into oil is only possible if the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the oil flow are sufficient to disrupt the water phase into droplets, keeping them suspended against gravity and preventing...

... texas 77084 materials and corrosion deliquescence concentration capacitance Pipeline Corrosion well integrity droplet particle flowline corrosion Houston multiplexed sensor array TOW sensor electrolyte sensor sensor array riser corrosion impedance Publication Division permission...

... & Gas Pipeline Corrosion well integrity loading density Publication Division corrosion Subsurface Corrosion droplet texas 77084 corrosion rate exposure corrosion product manuscript coupon permission loading consumption aluminum exposure time NaCl atmospheric corrosion Houston...

... dispersed in oil (oil as continuous phase), water wetting is mostly avoided and corrosion occurrence is reduced almost to zero.3 Full dispersion or entrainment of water into oil is only possible if the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the oil flow are sufficient to disrupt the water phase into droplets...

... demonstrates there is a maximum liquid flow rate bypassing the dead leg and flowing down the lateral path at a given gas flow rate. In the event water enters the dead leg, the experimental testing shows that complete liquid removal is not possible, even with high gas sweep rates because droplets remain...

... forces, turbulent interaction and population balance equations have been exercised to address the dispersed (water) phase dynamics such as droplet breakage and coalescence in a detailed fashion. In addition, generation of ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ), due to metal-water interactions, is modeled by including...

... flows separately and wets the pipe bottom at low mixture liquid velocity. Moreover, not all of the water is fully dispersed at higher mixture liquid velocities, as traces of water can still be found to wet the surface intermittently. production control production logging water droplet...

... droplet flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion condenser texas 77084 top-of-the-line corrosion hydrocarbon experiment permission manuscript Artificial Intelligence Upstream Oil & Gas Publication Division water condensation rate carbon steel sample South Creek Drive vapor temperature...

... riser corrosion model oil corrosion rate contact angle naphthenic acid metal surface acid wettability Inhibition surface active compound Compound interfacial tension materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas droplet steel nitrogen Corrosion Measurement Paper No. 11060 2011 CRUDE...

... ABSTRACT: Mercury Embrittlement is a significant problem in natural gas facilities using aluminum cold boxes and has led to a number of major plant incidents. It has been postulated that the natural passive layer on aluminum provides an effective barrier between droplets of mercury...

... indicated weak interaction between water and hydrocarbon interface. Thus, water phase was easily entrained into small droplets and maintained in the bulk oil phase. However, the hydrocarbon fraction that co-condenses with water at the top of the line, differs from that at the bottom, and is fairly light...

... of the selected model for such prediction. ). materials and corrosion well integrity Pipeline Corrosion riser corrosion Modeling & Simulation Upstream Oil & Gas gas temperature flow line droplet co 2 corrosion rate prediction flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion Bongkot Field MFL...

... asphaltene inhibition droplet contact angle remediation of hydrates concentration water phase paraffin remediation scale remediation Production Chemistry oil droplet electrode scale inhibition oil phase heptol specimen arab heavy crude oil crude oil steel surface toluene wettability...

... gas and, more precisely, the Top of the Line Corrosion (TLC) that occurs when significant heat exchange is present between the pipelines and the surroundings (frozen land, deep-sea water). The unprocessed vapor flowing through the pipe condenses on the cold walls, forming a thin film and/or droplets...

... of the forces acting on the line of contact between the liquids and the solid and the contact angle of the droplet. EXPERIMENTAL Chemicals and materials A refined, low aromatic oil product was used as model oil in the tests. It has a density of 0.788 kg/L and boiling point range 193-245 oC, corresponding...