... concentration. Most closed loops have a chloride concentration less than 50ppm. Typical temperatures encountered in closed loops vary, but in general temperatures are 35 80 °C. Closed loops are constructed mostly with carbon steel, stainless steel, and copper alloys, however the use of aluminum alloys...

.... materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas flowline corrosion riser corrosion Pipeline Corrosion well integrity Subsurface Corrosion chloride concentration corrosion rate texas 77084 Publication Division exposure Zinc manuscript corrosion test corrosion Houston chloride deposition...

... materials and corrosion riser corrosion Pipeline Corrosion Subsurface Corrosion construction materials Upstream Oil & Gas Publication Division chloride concentration permission Houston building system service life diffusion coefficient concrete structure chloride ingress texas 77084...

... corrosion in 304 SS crevice former assembly. The combination of the influence of oxidant and chloride concentration were examined in detail, and results indicate a strong influence of free chlorine and chloride concentration to crevice corrosion. The corroded surface morphology was investigated using...

... potential (different names as pitting, crevice or breakdown potential are found in literature) and chloride ion concentration. 3,5,11,16 machine learning Artificial Intelligence chloride concentration flowline corrosion materials and corrosion well integrity Pipeline Corrosion riser corrosion...

...°C for UNS N08029 and 30°C ~ 45°C for UNS N08825, which was mainly dependent on pitting resistant equivalent (PRE) of the materials. Effect of chloride concentration and pH on the CPT has also been studied however no significant effects have been observed for UNS N08029 and UNS N08825 in the tested...

.... The chloride concentrations and the pH-values were measured and the solubility concept in the salt solutions has been considered. Key words: Stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, super-austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, super-duplex stainless steel, hyper-duplex stainless steel, pitting...

... materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas Subsurface Corrosion chloride concentration Pipeline Corrosion well integrity steam generator repassivation potential specimen Publication Division permission corrosion flowline corrosion riser corrosion localized corrosion texas...

... resistivity, and corrosion rate were also measured. Some selected concrete specimens were terminated and visual observation was conducted. Concrete powder was collected above the rebar trace and concrete core samples were drilled and sliced on selected specimens. The chloride concentration was determined...

... the solubility of NaCl and CaCl2, and recommended to use CaCl2 for preparing the solution of high chloride concentration. We believe that the laboratory had the ability to make sure that all CaCl2 was dissolved in the water when the solution was prepared and transferred to the autoclave. This will be considered...

... of normally accepted design basis led to failure of corrosion resistant material. Material selection for gas handling equipment/piping, e.g. compressors, overhead piping, air coolers/ exchangers; scrubbers in sour gas environments with high chloride concentration in the liquids is one of the main challenges...

... materials and corrosion well integrity construction materials chloride concentration flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion service life reinforcement Publication Division diffusion coefficient probability COV texas 77084 manuscript Pipeline Corrosion riser corrosion...

... Chemistry chloride concentration Publication Division oilfield chemistry Corrosion Management Corrosion coupon Corrosion Inhibition chloride manuscript residual stress permission pit propagation electrochemical test Houston Upstream Oil & Gas ppm Cl concentration texas 77084 partial...

... measured surface chloride concentrations overlap the range of typical chloride-induced corrosion thresholds. In these lower ranges chloride-induced corrosion is a risk to concrete structures primarily where wetting and drying cycles concentrate the chloride. In addition, subsidence of 5 feet or more over...

... flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion chloride concentration materials and corrosion well integrity construction materials Upstream Oil & Gas Publication Division steel Pipeline Corrosion riser corrosion concentration electrochemical behavior alkaline electrolyte aqueous...

... in an anoxic brine where the chloride concentration was up to 250 000 mg l -1 . The electrochemical test results obtained found that pitting potentials and re-passivation potentials were lowest at 65 °C. At lower and higher temperatures (25 °C and 112 °C) the pitting and re-passivation potentials were nobler...

... of bromides to chlorides can be used to estimate total effective chloride concentrations in slurry solutions containing mixtures of chlorides and bromides. INTRODUCTION Calcium bromide (CaBr 2 ) is used within the coal fire power plant industry to help control mercury (Hg) emissions. Bromide additions...

.... In the NACE survey, 13 a wide spectrum of chloride concentrations in produced waters is reported, ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 ppm. Production Chemistry chloride concentration Upstream Oil & Gas Corrosion Inhibition H2S management Susceptibility repassivation potential corrosion alloy...

...) characterize the transport properties of this concrete and 2) to assess a) whether the steel fibers are prone to corrosion, b) what is the chloride concentration that triggers corrosion, and c) to what depth into the concrete is corrosion observed. Rapid migration tests, modified rapid migration tests (e.g...

... permission manuscript partial pressure round tensile probe Probe superduplex steel Production Chemistry chloride concentration resistance surface activation Houston localized attack intensity Unexpected Sour Cracking Resistance of Duplex and Superduplex Steels Gerit Siegmund ExxonMobil...