... complete image and component of the species found on the steel surface. Cross-sectional SEM examinations showed the distribution and characteristic of scale. The results of EDS revealed that Fe, O and S were the most abundant elements in the scale layer, and the component analysis results showed that iron...

...). Different mixtures were made in order to optimize the parameters for generating the anodic film, such as current density and anodized time. Subsequently, resultant anodized layers were evaluated as per the following: thickness test, characteristics and composition of the film (SEM and EDX) and its...

... mechanism of corrosion scale on X65 pipeline steel, as well as its protective characteristic to steel, were investigated in NaCl solution at 80 0 C and 1 MPa. Immersion experiments were conducted with different time: 0.5h, 2h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 50h, 96h, 168h. The weight loss tests showed that before...

... rate flowline corrosion riser corrosion inhibitor water phase permission Subsurface Corrosion corrosion inhibitor corrosion Houston separation rate interfacial tension manuscript South Creek Drive wettability corrosion mechanism characteristic corrosion control emulsion stability...

...2011 INVESTIGATION OF PASSIVATION CHARACTERISTICS OF X65 PIPELINE STEEL IN ETHANOL FUEL ENVIRONMENTS Lindsey Goodman School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 771 Ferst Dr Atlanta, GA 30327 Preet M. Singh School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia...

... Corrosion Subsurface Corrosion H2S management localized corrosion corrosion sulfur content elemental sulfur corrosion morphology steel surface characteristic molten coverage steel corrosion product Sulfur 2011 Effects of Depositing Characteristic and Temperature on Elemental Sulfur Corrosion...

... to be a challenging task to design and maintain such boilers to get the desired level of efficiency. The following pages describe in details, the characteristics of biomass fuels, their various effects on various boiler materials, resultant corrosion and the ways to mitigate the same. The industry experiences...

.... It is important to know if these assumptions hold in practice. The validity of this assumption is examined in this study. In the context of this paper these assumptions are validated for external corrosion on onshore pipelines. Characteristics of internal and offshore corrosion are very different in it space...

... modeling hoop sensor tangential strain Midstream Oil & Gas characteristic sensor offshore pipeline information metal-loss parameter metal-loss depth numerical modeling estimation internal pressure metal loss Upstream Oil & Gas external surface wall thickness strain...

... parameter is extremely important if the main integrity threat in the buried structure is external corrosion. The rationalization of the engineering trough electrochemical fundaments has been developed through functional expressions, statistical analysis, and deterministic modeling. Soil characteristics...

... been developed to provide a treatment to remove calcium carbonate scale formed in HTHP wells. The characteristics of this product are as following: Low corrosiveness at temperatures up to 170°C. General corrosion is low and no pitting corrosion observed. Yellow Y1 environmentally acceptable...

... Corrosion Management integrity assessment characteristic sensor subsea pipeline H2S management Effectiveness pipeline monitoring inspection procedure cathodic protection assessment protection seawater Implementation Gulf 2009 Copyright Government work published by NACE International...

... characteristics: resistance prior to startup, amperage prior to startup, amperage under AC load, and voltage under AC load (Table 1). After initial readings, five scenarios were examined. Three involved different VCI sprays, and two involved no sprays. After light spraying (~3 seconds) on three of the motors...

... and performance characteristics of the materials, as well as a working knowledge concerning machinery and structural design, and the application and distribution of stresses resulting from service loads as they relate to the properties of materials are vital to fully develop as a successful failure investigator...

... molecular hydrogen mechanism cover factor experiment atomic hydrogen corrosion product neutral solution cathodic reaction concentration steel nahco 3 reaction drilling fluids and materials well integrity frequency different polarization condition characteristic polarization condition...

... documenting the GA-3 alloy electrochemical behavior in other, common salt solutions at the same molar concentration as the 3.5 w/o NaCl solution, namely 0.61M (moles per liter). As noted in Part 1, Carroll and Breslin had thoroughly shown the activation characteristics of the other halides. This list of anion...

... flowline corrosion external corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas characteristic excavation coating fault electromagnetic current attenuation discharge device Pipeline Corrosion Midstream Oil & Gas interference verify cathodic protection effectiveness gradient NACE 2007 - Nashville Symposium...

... after 72 hours. This transient phenomenon was also reflected in the change of characteristics of the Nyquist impedance diagram in the presence of 100 ppm gaseous H2S with respect to immersion time as shown in Figure 4. It was suggested that a metastable sulfide film, mackinawite, might have formed...

...Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys J. I. Mickalonis and T. M. Adams Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken SC 29803 ABSTRACT Palladium has been the membrane of choice for hydrogen purification and separation systems because of its high...

... cleaning solution rotor supplier hydrocarbon deposit procedure characteristic regulation cleaning solution Grease pipeline process equipment Compound literature EVALUATING CLEANING SOLUTIONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS IN PIPELINES AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT G. E. Casey BJ Process...