... pig as the train moves down the pipe. This method is intended to coat the inner surface of the pipeline in a uniform layer of protective corrosion inhibitor. In practice it is very difficult for operators to determine the consistency of the coverage, and the thickness of the film deposited by a batch...

... wired and wireless ultrasonic sensors for both buried and above ground assets between regularly scheduled in-line inspections (ILI). By doing so, operators are able glean important wall thickness data, which they otherwise wouldn't have without incurring significant costs from excavation, mass...

... coating film can be considered as a parallel plate capacitor. The impedance value is inversely proportional to capacitance of the capacitor (coating film). The capacitance C is determined by dimensions (coating thickness etc.) and the properties of the material (dielectric constant) between the two plates...

... drilling fluids and materials quadakker texas 77084 specimen Upstream Oil & Gas Publication Division spallation US government Thickness specimen thickness laboratory air oxidation cycle frequency exposure alloy manuscript permission Houston water vapor mass gain...

...-Pérot interferometry were verified by the DC electrochemical method, i.e., a potentiostat, and the AC electrochemical method, i.e., a potentiostat with an accessory of AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The corresponding thickness (d) of the aluminum oxide AlO) film to the anodic current density...

... social responsibility thermal cycling US government carbon dioxide Thickness sustainability internal oxidation texas 77084 alloy manuscript sco 2 co 2 permission Houston sustainable development renewable energy oxidation rate constant specimen supercritical co 2 Publication...

...DEVELOPMENT OF A REPRODUCIBLE ULTRASONIC THICKNESS MONITORING PROGRAM FOR GAS STORAGE FACILITIES Paul S. Young Mears Group, Inc. 9017 Heritage Drive Plain City, OH 43064 ABSTRACT Regulatory groups require gas storage facility operators to address the safety and environmental concerns that would...

..., class 2) started being used about 30 years in North Sea projects instead of carbon manganese steels, to save weight by reduction of vessel wall thickness. But weldability of such high strength steels remains challenging, especially for equipment dedicated to sour service that must comply with NACE...

... for sour service with dimensions 813 mm (32 ) diameter and 28.8 mm wall thickness (pipe A), 914 mm (36 ) diameter and 38.0 mm wall thickness (pipe B) and 1066 mm (42 ) diameter and 30.8 mm wall thickness (pipe C). Pipe D with dimensions 660 mm (26 ) diameter and 38.8 mm wall thickness was a X52 pipe also...

... composite repair thickness. This experimental test program studied the effects of internal pipe pressure during installation on composite reinforcement systems to verify if the performance of the repair was maintained when applied to simulated corrosion defects. The full-scale testing analyzed the effects...

... and industry 6 rue André Campra F-93212 La Plaine Saint-Denis Cedex France ABSTRACT Heat treatments have been performed on superduplex UNS S32750 sheets in order to obtain a panel of microstructures: free from -phase, presence of centerline intermetallic stringers, presence of -phase over the full thickness...

... electrolytes (H2SO4 - K2SO4). Anodization cell voltages were correlated with oxide thickness through indirect spectrophotometric measurements to compare the amount of charge needed to reach a certain film thickness in different anodization conditions. Key words: anodization, efficiency, oxygen evolution...

... ABSTRACT Permanently- and temporarily-installed ultrasonic sensors have been used in refineries for over ten years. Advances in capability, deployment and reduced size and costs have led many facilities to augment their routine thickness data-collection means from a fully-manual fleet...

... the feed naphtha temperature to around 545 °C. The radiant tubes of the heaters are of 9Cr-1Mo (ASTM(1) A335 Gr P9) metallurgy with a maximum tube wall temperature of 652 °C. The tubes are prone to excessive scaling due to high temperature oxidation and scale thickness of up to 1-2mm were found...

... a curve-crossing technique, the predicted corrosion currents between UNS S31600 (SS 316) fasteners and a UNS A92024 (Al 2024) panel were much higher when using the B117 polarization data, however, they are relatively insensitive to electrolyte thickness. Predicted corrosion currents for the 3.5%NaCl, 25°C...

... flowline corrosion riser corrosion corrosion inhibitor materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas Thickness resistance Subsurface Corrosion frequency inhibitor Publication Division permission texas 77084 manuscript co 2 Houston Pipeline Corrosion well integrity...

... corrosion Pipeline Corrosion Production Chemistry Upstream Oil & Gas Corrosion Management frequency high risk location materials and corrosion Subsurface Corrosion H2S management Thickness texas 77084 manuscript Hydrogen Sulfide carbon steel condensation carbon dioxide corrosion rate...

... thickness loss leads to a reduction in structural strength, potential asset failures, reduced system reliability and costly repair or replacement. Preventative maintenance for steel structures has quickly become an important topic for engineers to consider, both during design and in the field, in order...

... of the nondestructive examination (NDE) results. If the internal inspection is required solely for the purpose of determining the condition and integrity of the tank bottom, the internal inspection may be accomplished with the tank in-service utilizing various ultrasonic robotic thickness measurement and other...

... as a guide. nonmetallic inclusion HTHA texas 77084 Houston inspection chemical composition internal surface manuscript hydraulic fracturing Thickness mechanism specimen sample 0 Downstream Oil & Gas reactor Publication Division permission external surface hardness defect...