... = 90 ppm as CaCO3; and, total alkalinity = 70 ppm as CaCO3. The tube sample was split longitudinally. Figures 1 and 2 show the outer diameter (OD) and inner diameter (ID) surfaces of the specimen, respectively. The area with a through-wall perforation on the side designated as Side A is marked...

...-sectional view thermal stress metal microstructure tube metal transverse cross-sectional view bulk metal microstructure cyclic thermal stress tube sample buildup flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion waterside buildup hot side deposit cyclic stress ID surface morphology hydrogen damage...

... analysis diameter integrity management program Failure analysis pipeline longitudinal seam weld Corrosion Inhibition oilfield chemistry well integrity Microstructure line pipe integrity threat ID surface Leak defect FAILURE ANALYSIS IN INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS B. C. Rollins, G. T...

... reducing the gas flow rate is preferable from the standpoint of corrosion management. As the gas flow rate increased, the higher gas velocities facilitated better mixing between condensed water and liquid hydrocarbons on the ID surface of the carbon steel production tubing, which in turn significantly...

.../failure mechanism is presented. Subsurface Corrosion elemental composition Pipeline Corrosion well integrity ID surface transverse cross-sectional view materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas composition corrosion product hot side acid phosphate corrosion flowline corrosion...

... view waterwall tube materials and corrosion corrosion product header corrosion attack ID surface tube sample examination stress-assisted corrosion STRESS-ASSISTED CORROSION: CASE HISTORIES E. M. Labuda and R. D. Bartholomew Sheppard T. Powell Associates, LLC 1915 Aliceanna Street Baltimore...

... flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion Pipeline Corrosion riser corrosion water management well integrity water system cross-sectional view specimen Failure analysis ID surface corrosion product materials and corrosion Upstream Oil & Gas pipe specimen composition...

.... The damage from the OD surface extends to greater depths than from the ID surface. The microstructure of the ID surface shown i oxidation ID surface Micrograph hairpin propagation Downstream Oil & Gas oxide layer creep chromium carbide carbide optical micrograph diffusion OD surface...

... materials and corrosion riser corrosion superaustenitic stainless steel ID surface internal surface examination transverse crack Corrosion Management cross-sectional view carbon steel longitudinal cross-sectional view sparger tube weld longitudinal crack morphology Environmentally steel...

... Completion Installation and Operations Thickness ID surface evaluation concentration carburization fcc reactor US government melting coke buildup Downstream Oil & Gas reactor graphitization stainless steel hex mesh Microstructure perforation metallurgical evaluation reactor...

... chemistry Pipeline Corrosion Hydrate Remediation hydrate inhibition Subsurface Corrosion asphaltene inhibition Thickness ID surface remediation of hydrates mechanism composition scale inhibition wall loss superheater tube sample transverse cross-sectional view wax inhibition drilling fluid...

... flowline corrosion Subsurface Corrosion Reheater Tube Sample chromized surface Pipeline Corrosion well integrity ID surface materials and corrosion Thickness transverse cross-sectional view specimen reheater Chromium chromized reheater tube bulk metal microstructure nital etch...

... in the reactor outlet system downstream of a reactor effluent gas air cooler. This corrosion eventually led to failur Pipeline Corrosion well integrity high temperature sulfidic corrosion ID surface flowline corrosion riser corrosion high concentration actual size photograph Subsurface Corrosion...