... developed replacing standard classification systems which tried to simplify/generalize the ground conditions with the inherent shortcomings (Daller et al. 1994, Palmström & Broch 1996, Riedmüller & Schubert 1999a, Riedmüller & Schubert 1999b). New approaches attempted to consider biases...

... conditions must be fulfilled for a successful application of the observational method (Peck 1969, Schubert 2008). One of the requirements is the assessment of possible behaviors and the establishment of their acceptable limits during design. This includes the identification of potential failure modes...